The American Dream Essay - 1324 Words

The American Dream â€Å"If you haven’t experienced change, you haven’t experienced anything† My life changed a lot the day I set foot on the, land of honey, the United States of America, last March of 2015. To be able to experience the sudden â€Å"switch† in my life from my homeland, the Philippines to America, is quite a lot to take from the beginning. I mean what’s not hard to do when you’re doing it for the first time, right? There are a lot of points of comparison between living in the Philippines and America. Although there are some similarities, my country is a whole lot different from America in a lot of aspects. First, the soothing weather seems to welcome you as soon as you land at the Los Angeles International Airport. While most Americans think California has a hot weather, I am telling you right now. It is way hotter in the Philippines, not to mention the â€Å"sticky† feeling on your skin as you sweat all over because of the heat of the sun. I even used to bring with me, would you believe, a personal handy electric fan just to feel a little comfort! Secondly, the infrastructures of America are far more modern when it comes to the architectural style and design of the buildings which in my opinion, are really exquisite. Regarding these, I can say that the Philippines, I’m not going to lie, is the polar opposite. There’s only a number of cities which has a modern style of facades and other than that, it’s all provinces. For example, the main airport in the Philippines,Show MoreRelatedImmigrants And The American Dream1362 Words   |  6 PagesImmigrants and the American Dream In the article â€Å"The American Dream†, by James Truslow Adams in The Sundance Reader book, he stated that the American dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. 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Many great films and works of literature were created to show case all the different ideas people have for their American Dream. The film â€Å"Grapes of Wrath† directed by John Ford and the poem â€Å"I Will Fight No More Forever† by Chief Joseph, both depictRead More Destruction of the American Dream Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesDestruction of the American Dream I’ve talked about it in the past, the destruction of the American Dream. Always, there have been papers, writings, and thoughts that quantify a particular section of its ultimate demise, be it due to money, education, or sexuality. Maybe the destruction cannot be viewed as a singular event or cause. Perhaps instead it must be examined as a whole process, the decay and ultimate elimination of a dream. 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The show obtains successful Entrepreneurs ready to invest their own money into other Americans wanting to be just like them, reaching the American dream and become a successful entrepreneur. The show presents entrepreneurs working towards the goal of creating a business to not only gain wealth but also change the way we live today. The show is to keep the American dream alive and well while

Literary Analysis Of The Ideology And Reality Of Equality

Literary Analysis of the Ideology and reality of equality in the works of Langston Hughes Langston Hughes was an African American writer and poet. Langston Hughes wrote about what it was like living as a Negro, as a black man, as any person of color in America. He wanted to portray the dignity, soulfulness, and resilience of his people. In his writings, he tends to believe that people aren’t wholly good and they are not wholly evil or bad either. He writes with such a conviction and an almost childlike faith in humanity. In his poems: I, Too, Theme for English b, and Let America be America Again, he writes of such things as the dream of equality and the hope that he has that America, that â€Å"white† America, will one day see and feel ashamed of the atrocities committed over the color of one’s skin. Writing in a time of racial segregation where African Americans were forced to do everything separately from their white counterparts; he writes of the duality of ones’ own identity, the common fact that he is an American and a Negro, and how one identity can solely define how one should be regarded in society. During the Harlem Renaissance was when he was one of the only African American poets and writers making a living on his work. The Harlem Renaissance was a period in American history that lasted over a decade. It was a time when the term New Negro went from social disappointment to racial pride. It was considered an artistic, literary and intellectual movement thatShow MoreRelatedChris Pawling2932 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction: Popular Fition: Ideology or Utopia? 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Papa John’s Free Essays

Papa John’s Pizza Analysis Executive Summary These recommendations will enable Papa John’s to increase their market share and grow their customer base. These recommendations are based upon in-depth analysis of the company’s dominant economic forces, macro-environment, The detailed findings, resulting from this analysis, are contained in the appendix that follows the recommendations. The appendix is comprised of seven exhibits, and these exhibits are referenced in the recommendations. We will write a custom essay sample on Papa John’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now This recommendation includes introducing global topping preferences across different nations, entering the frozen pizza market and allowing premade Papa John’s pizza to be sold in stores, and opening dine-in restaurants. Papa John’s can capitalize on these new growth and improvement opportunities, to increase their revenues, efficiencies, and customer base. Recommendation Papa John’s is the world’s third largest pizza chain, trailing Pizza Hut and Dominos. (Exhibit 4, pg. 1) Although Papa John’s has established a notable amount of success in the industry, to have only existed for a shorter period of time than its rivals, there are existing opportunities that would help Papa John’s to gain competitive advantage and build on its core competencies. Currently Papa John’s is known for its commitment of quality ingredient and quality pizza. (Exhibit 6, pg. 13) Because Papa John’s has a base of customers that already trust the company to deliver great value, this gives Papa an advantage in capitalizing on the segment of health conscious consumers. (Exhibit 1, pg. ) Papa John’s should introduce whole wheat pizza and other organic ingredient and toppings that are low in calories to attract consumers that feel that pizza isn’t a healthy choice. Papa John’s should also make changes to its distribution strategy. In order to compete with Pizza Hut and other restaurants that offer their customers an option to dine in, Papa John’s allow their customers to come to their facility/location be seated and enjoy a meal. This would also attract a larger demographic of consumers. ‘Pizza joints’, over the course of time, have been generally been more popular among college students and the younger generation. Exhibit 1, pg. 6) If Papa John’s where to restructure their establishments to a more sophisticated environment, it could draw the attention of an older and/or more professional consumer group. Another distribution strategy Papa John’s should explore is the Take ‘n’ Bake strategy. (Exhibit 1, pg. 6) The Take ‘n’ Bake strategy is a fairly new concept, which involves providing premade, uncooked pizzas for consumers to take home to bake at their own convenience. Papa John’s could have premade pizzas of their own sold in stores. This would allow Papa John’s to compete with brands like DiGorno, etc. nd to reach consumers who prefer homemade/frozen pizza. There is opportunity for Papa John’s to offer it’s consumers a broader selection of menu items. While rivals such as Pizza Hut and Dominos have grown to offer everything from oven-baked sandwiches and pasta, Papa John’s has been very slow pursuit in spicing up its offerings. Being that the company does have an international presence, and different countries have different preferences for topping combinations, Papa John’s should study its customer data and the trends in popularity for various toppings and introduce topping across nations. (Exhibit 7, pg. 15) If there is an area in the U. S. that has a high population of Russians, Papa John’s should offer popular Russian toppings, such as sardines, tuna, salmon, and red onions, etc. , in the that area. (Exhibit 10, pg. 16) Appendix Exhibit 1:   Dominant Economic Features6 Exhibit 2:   The Five Forces Model7 Exhibit 3: Driving Forces10 Exhibit 4: Market Position of Rivals11 Exhibit 5: Macroenvironment12 Exhibit 6: SWOT Analysis13 Exhibit 7:   Global Toppings15 Exhibit 1: Dominant Economic Features Market Size and Growth Rate * Studies reveal that, in 2012, the pizza industry is worth $42. 8 billion in revenue and includes a more than 65+ thousand pizzerias. Pizza sales make up 17%, of the entire restaurant industry, and are expected to grow by 31% by 2015. Number of Rivals * The industry is fragmented into pizza chains and independent pizzerias. * The pizza chain segment is dominated by the â€Å"Big 4†, which includes Pizza Hut, Domino’s, Papa Johns, and Little Caesars, that make up 32% of the industry sales and 28% stores. * Independent pizzerias account for 57% of stores and 48% of industry sales Number of Buyers—Retailers and End? Consumers * Consumers between 25 and 44 years old make up 46. 3% of all consumers. * Consumers between the ages of 45 and 64 make up 22. % of all consumers * Consumers under 25 make up 16. 2% and those over 65 make up 14. 7% Degree of Product Differentiation * Products are becoming more differentiated, in order to accommodate the growing consumer demand for specialty/gourmet pizza. * 4 channels of distribution: sit-down, carry-out, delivery, and take ‘n’ bake Pace of Techn ological Change * Technology does not play a huge role in this industry, but it does serve opportunity for the players in this industry to better interface with their consumers. Exhibit 2: Five Forces ModelRivals/Competition The â€Å"Big Four† (Papa John’s, Pizza Hut, Domino’s Pizza, and Little Caesar’s) Rivals/Competition The â€Å"Big Four† (Papa John’s, Pizza Hut, Domino’s Pizza, and Little Caesar’s) Suppliers Farmers Small Business Owners IT Providers (internet, applications, software, web presence, etc. ) Suppliers Farmers Small Business Owners IT Providers (internet, applications, software, web presence, etc. ) Substitutes Homemade Pizza Frozen Pizza Other restaurants Substitutes Homemade Pizza Frozen Pizza Other restaurants New Entrants Independent/Small Pizzerias New Entrants Independent/Small Pizzerias Buyers Customers between the ages of 25 and 44 (largest segment), with well-established careers and families. Buyers Customers between the ages of 25 and 44 (largest segment), with well-established careers and families. The five predominant forces that influence Papa John’s are as follows: Competitive Rivalry, New Entrants, Substitute Goods, Buyer Bargaining Power, and Supplier Bargaining Power. Rivalry among Competing Sellers * Buyer demand is growing rapidly * Consumer spending is expected to increase by an average annual rate of 2. 9%, up to 2017 * The products of rival sellers are differentiated and customer loyalty is high * Buyer costs to switch brands are high Threat of New Entrants Threat of new entrants from independently owned pizza restaurants is high because they have the capital to open multiple units. Threat of Substitute Products * There are many choices for consumers to purchase pizza from locally owned to national chains therefore the threat of substitutes is high. Bargaining Power of Buyers * With the multiple outlets available for consumers the bargaining power of b uyers is high because if prices are too high they will shop elsewhere. * Additionally, many consumers switch between pizza restaurants because they choose the outlet with the best prices at that time. Bargaining Power of Suppliers * The bargaining power of suppliers is high for the nationally owned pizza restaurants so they can demand lower prices. * The bargaining power of suppliers for locally owned pizza restaurants is low because they do not buy in large quantities. Exhibit 3:   Driving Forces Four main forces are driving the pizza industry. In order to compete in this industry, a company must capitalize on (1) Emerging new internet capabilities and applications, (2) growing buyer preference for differentiated products, (3) changes in cost efficiency, and (4) changes in societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyles. Emerging new internet capabilities and applications * Due to new technological advancements, the pizza industry has enabled their consumers to view menus, receive coupons/promotions, and make and track orders online and via mobile device. * Most industry players have also taken advantage of the new wave of social media and have established presence on sites such as Facebook, Twitter, etc. These social media sites allow a more personal connection with their customers, and allow customers to freely voice their satisfaction or lack thereof with the product or service. Changes in cost efficiency As the fuel prices continue to increase, it becomes less convenient and less likely for consumers to purchase from establishments similar to Little Caesar’s, which only offer carry out/pick up and no delivery. Growing buyer preferences for differentiated products instead of standardized commodity product Changing societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyles * A 2010 survey, conducted by th e National Restaurant Association (NRA), showed that 7 out of 10 consumers are now trying to eat healthier when eating out and that 2 out of 3 restaurant guests pay more attention to the nutritional content in their food and ordered healthier items. Exhibit 4: Market Position of Rivals The graph that is shown below details the market position of Papa John’s main rivals. Pizza Hut (11. 6%) Pizza Hut (11. 6%) Convenient Convenient Product Differentiation Product Differentiation Local Local Local Local Local Local Papa John’s (6. 3%) Papa John’s (6. 3%) Distribution Distribution Domino’s (9. 8%) Domino’s (9. 8%) Little Caesar’s (4. 7%) Little Caesar’s (4. 7%) Inconvenient Inconvenient Low Low High High In the strategic group map above, the x-axis represents the diversity of product offerings (from least to greatest diversity). The y-axis represents the convenience of distribution, in other words how accessible the product is to the consumer. The circles on the map are drawn roughly proportional to market share in 2012. Exhibit 5: Macro-environment ECONOMIC FACTORS ECONOMIC FACTORS Rivals Rivals Substitutes Substitutes HEALTH CONCERNS HEALTH CONCERNS TECHNOLOGY TRENDS TECHNOLOGY TRENDS Buyers Buyers Suppliers Suppliers PAPA JOHN’S PAPA JOHN’S New Entrants New Entrants Exhibit 6:   SWOT Analysis Strengths High Quality Ingredients * Papa John’s uses only fresh ingredients in the pizza production process. Customers perceive value of high quality fresh ingredients. * Many of Papa John’s competitors use frozen pizza dough and sauce made from concentrate therefore using fresh ingredients enables them to meet customer expectations better than the competition. Weaknesses Limited Menu * Although Papa John’s allows its customers the flexibility of creating their own pizza or choose from over 9 specialty pizzas. In comparison to its competitors, the Papa John’s menu remains fairly simplistic. Locations * Papa John’s is still considered new to the pizza market, they are not as large as the competition. Most of Papa John’s competition has doubled the amount of stores. As a result, Papa John’s is not able to serve as large a market as the competition. Opportunities Expansion * The upside to the location issue is that Papa John’s has not saturated all of the markets that are available to them; whereas the competition may not be able to obtain additional store growth. * Target Health Conscious Customers * Diversify Menu Threats Independent establishments Fast-casual restaurants Exhibit 7: Pizza Toppings From Around the World How to cite Papa John’s, Essay examples Papa John’s Free Essays Papa John’s Analysis Alex Quiquia 3/19/13 MGMT 4800 Strategic Analysis of Papa John’s Introduction–We already know that Papa John’s is a major player in the Pizza industry but what does the future hold for them. One of the business-level strategies that Papa John’s implemented was product differentiation through the use of fresh dough and superior-quality ingredients. John Schnatter believed that other pizza restaurants used inferior ingredients and that he could do it better. We will write a custom essay sample on Papa John’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now This strategy was implemented from the very beginning in the United States. Another successful business-level strategy that focused on product diversification employed by Papa John’s was the use of technology to order pizza. In 2001 they became the first pizza company to offer online ordering. The most significant corporate-level strategy used early on by Papa John’s was mergers and acquisitions. In the late 90s, the company acquired 205 â€Å"Perfect Pizza† restaurants in the UK. They continued aggressively acquiring international restaurants until the early 2000s when they began to focus their acquisition efforts domestically. In just under 30 years since opening its first store, Papa John’s has added over 4,000 stores (papajohns. com). That’s an average of over 140 new stores every year since inception, an incredible pace. They also decided to use the franchisee model. Although this model has its critics, it can be a very useful way to generate revenue without adding to store overhead, etc. The franchisee model has been successful for Papa John’s. Papa John’s was enjoying a 5+ percent average revenue growth rate for the previous five years. The company also boasted one of the highest returns on invested capital in the restaurant category of the markets. Total assets grew steadily from 2003 to 2007 as well. This growth was financed mostly by debt, but debt/equity ratios remained healthy. Apparently Papa John’s holds a competitive advantage in its fresher, higher-quality ingredients. When a customer is looking for a restaurant-quality pizza with ease of delivery, they turn to Papa John’s. External Analysis– During this study, the pizza industry was extremely competitive. Barriers to entry were few and competitors could drive prices for pizza ingredients extremely low, enabling them to easily undercut other competitors’ prices. Food commodity prices also took a 20 percent jump in 2007, which didn’t make the industry any more attractive. One of the attractive features of the industry is that because pizza ingredients are commodities, supplier power is very low. Suppliers cannot dictate prices to buyers, because they can go somewhere else. Buyer power, however, is very high. If someone doesn’t wish to buy a $12. 00 pizza at Papa John’s, they can go across the street to Little Caesar’s for a $5. 00 pizza that tastes almost the same. The two major competitors of Papa John’s are Dominos and Pizza Hut. Both of these companies enjoy a larger market share than Papa John’s. These companies are focused more on price savings than Papa John’s, who is focused on quality pizza. Just like any other sub-section of the food industry, thousands of pizza restaurants are opened each year, which continues to make profits more difficult to obtain. Internal Analysis–The commissary system is an important part of what gives Papa John’s an edge over its competitors. Every Papa John’s restaurant belongs to a subdivided region, and each region has what is known as a commissary. These commissaries send fresh ingredients and cleaning supplies twice per week to all the Papa John’s restaurants within their region. This ensures fresh ingredients and all the supplies needed to clean the restaurants. This also maintains consistency from restaurant to restaurant as all of the commissaries are controlled at the corporate level. By servicing several units from one commissary, labor costs are also driven down. Papa John’s international growth is also an advantage it has over many of its competitors. By taking advantage of all different markets around the world, Papa John’s ensures that business is most likely thriving somewhere at all times. All of these factors create a competitive advantage for Papa John’s. Recommendations Based on this analysis of Papa John’s, the following recommendations are made to help the company continue its profitability. 1. Expand internationally as much as possible. With several stores in diverse locations throughout the world, Papa John’s will be well diversified and able to absorb losses in one area better. 2. Continue to move more toward the franchisee model even more so than they are currently doing. By furthering this model, overhead and administrative costs at the corporate level are drastically reduced. How to cite Papa John’s, Papers

Wesfarmers Human Rights and Modern Slavery Statement

Question: Discuss about the Wesfarmers Human Rights and Modern Slavery Statement. Answer: Introduction: Wesfarmers Limited is amongst the topmost revenue generating multinational company in the nation. It is an Australian conglomerate and has the global headquarter located at Perth in Western Australia and the address of the same is 40 The Esplanade Perth, Western Australia (Wesfarmers, 2017a). Due to its operations being spread in different businesses, it falls in the industry of conglomerate and is a multi-industry company. Wesfarmers key operations are in the aspects of fertilizers, coal mining, chemicals, retail and industry and safety products (AMP Capital, 2015). And the major interests lie in Australia and NZ, along with UK, Bangladesh and Ireland (ASX, 2016) In 2000 companies, the company has been at the first position. Through supermarkets and its grocery stores, the majority of the companys income is generated. The company generated $66,216,000,000 as revenues for the year of 2016. The company has a diversified portfolio and it operates in areas like hardware and department stores. The post of CEO of the company has been known as MD in the company, and is held by Richard Goyder. The Chairman of the company has been known as Non-Executive Chairman in the company, and is held by Michael Chaney (IBIS, 2016). Wesfarmers had been declared as the biggest company with regards to the revenue of the company for the previous year. The company left its competitors far behind by attaining AU$65.98 billion as revenues. The Annual Report for the previous year shows that 220,000 people had been the employees of the company, due to which it is a largest private sector employer of the nation. The company also has considerable number of employees, which is over 3,300, and this is due to its present position (Wesfarmers, 2016a). In 1914, it was initially founded as being a cooperative and was responsible for making available the merchandise, as well as, the services to the Western Australian farmers. The first time when the company was listed over the ASX was in 1984. Since then, the company has been growing manifolds on yearly basis (Wesfarmers, 2017b). Even within its retail division, the company enjoys different operations, for instance, the supermarkets, the convenience stores, and office and hardware supplies. The brands of Wesfarmers Limited include Coles, which operates as a retailer of the groceries and a number of other household consumables; Kmart- retailer of general merchandise and apparel, along with handling of the automotive services department; Target- retailer for general merchandise, home wares and apparel; Home Improvement- run through Bunnings brand and has a chain of 357 trading locations in NZ and Australia; and lastly, Officeworks, which operates across the nation as a retail office supplies stores (IBIS, 2016). Regulatory Framework The regulatory framework which is applicable on any company in Australia includes the Acts, the Regulations, the Codes and the various other legislative mechanisms, which govern the entities having its operations in the nation. The following part covers a detail on some of the legislations which are applicable on the company. As the products are offered by the company to its consumers, the act which regulates the consumer behavior in Australia, i.e., the Competition and Consumer Act, 2002, which is an act of the Commonwealth, is applicable over the company. Certain changes were announced in 2016 by the Federal Government. As per these changes, when a business would have a major power over the act, due to which it can act in a way which can be stated as being competitive, and which also helps in attaining the benefits for the consumers, it would be unlawful when the same results in the competition being reduced due to the superior competitors making an exit from the market. This would result in the discouragement in the competition, which would increase the uncertainty for Wesfarmers. Not only is the business community against this proposal, even Wesfarmers has conveyed its disappointment to the Government. The reason for this is that the chances of litigations being raised against the company would be rai sed due to these changes in the provision of the act (Wesfarmers, 2016a). One of the retail businesses of Wesfarmers, i.e., Coles had been leading the command for development, as well as, implementation of the Food and Grocery Code of Conduct with the Australian Food and Grocery Council. Upon its ratification by the Parliament, Coles signed the same. This code is regulated by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission under the Competition and Consumer Act 2001. Wesfarmers, in its Annual Report 2016, has acknowledged that the increasing number of regulations in the nation was resulting in an unnecessary delay in the investments, which renders the operations of the company, as less effective. The activities of the company are subjected to a number of environmental regulations across the nation, in addition to the other nations in which the company operates (Wesfarmers, 2016a). Being registered as a company, Wesfarmers is also required to adhere to the Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) and has to appoint its directors and other officers as per the criteria laid down in it, carry out the meetings, and make the disclosures as per this act. The example of one of such disclosure relates to the general standard of independence of the auditor through the Corporations Act 2001. Another example of the same is the disclosure as per section 237 of this act, pertaining to the proceedings brought on behalf of the company. The securities trading policy of Wesfarmers replicates the restrictions in the matter of the key management personnel of the company, where closely related parties are undertaken. A number of provisions pertaining to the remuneration of key personnel are also governed through the provisions of this act. The compliance with section 300A was also done as per this act. And also, the substantial shareholding for the purposes of Part 6C.1 of the Corporations Ac t 2001 was also made by Wesfarmers (Wesfarmers, 2016a). The Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is also applicable on the company, which requires the company to comply with the requirements set out in this acts Division 83A for the Australian resident employees. The Wesfarmers Employee Share Acquisition Plan of the company qualified as a non-discriminatory share scheme for the employee as per the Division 83A. The company also has to adhere to different Accounting Standards, one of which is AASB 101 Presentation of Financial Statement (Wesfarmers, 2016a). Treaties, Conventions or Agreements The previous segment covered the regulatory framework which is applicable on Wesfarmers, as a result of its operations in Australia. This necessitates a discussion over the various international treaties, covenants and agreements, which are applicable on Wesfarmers, to be discussed, which apply on the company owing to its global presence. In order to take a step towards the initiatives relating to sustainable future, Wesfarmers complies with the GRI Guidelines, which stands for the Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines. For the year of 2015, Wesfarmers has followed a number of GRI G4 Guidelines in different categories of economic, environmental and social, and under these headings, on the basis of different aspects. For instance, under the environmental category, in the energy aspect, Wesfarmers adhered to the G4-DMA and G4-EN5 and for emissions aspect, the G4-DMA, G4-EN15, G4-EN16, and G4-EN17were adhered to (Wesfarmers, 2015). The company is committed towards reducing the greenhouse gas emissions, for which, the company monitors and manages its own emissions in an active manner and makes attempts towards reducing the same. The company also understands the specific risks which are formed due to the changes in the climate for the business of the company and also attempts to reduce such risks. The company, for 2016, reduced its greenhouse emissions by more than 2% in comparison to 2015, and since 2012, the company has decreased the same by more than 30% (Wesfarmers, 2016a). The raison d'tre behind for working towards reduction in the greenhouse gas emissions is due to the international treaties like the UNCCC, i.e., United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. The international convention of UNFCCC was initiated in 1992, which works in the direction of stabilizing the emissions from the greenhouse gases, in order to decrease the degraded impact which they leave on the climate. UNFCCC helps in specifying the limits for the greenhouse gases, in place of specifying an international treaty (Harrison, 2013). Another similar treaty, which was formed in 1997, is the Kyoto Protocol. This is also focused upon reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. The raison d'tre behind this is due to global warming which is aptly present, and which results from the emission of carbon dioxide which has been formed due to the actions undertaken by man (Krber, Schwirzenbeck and Barth, 2008). The Kyoto Protocol implements the objectives of UNFCCC. Hence, both of these treaties work towards fighting global warming by reducing the concentration of the greenhouse gasses present in the atmosphere, by taking it to such a level through with the dangerous anthropogenic inte rferences with the climate system can be prevented (Massai, 2011). The Paris Agreement is one of the agreements within the UNFCCC, which deals with the mitigation and adaption for the greenhouse gases, along with the finance which starts in the year of 2020. Its language was negotiated amongst the representatives of 195 nations, which took place on December 12th 2015, at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC, and was held in Paris (Blau, 2017). The Paris Agreement is aimed at enhancement of the UNFCCCs implementation by holding the increase in the global average temperature which is less than 2?C and also makes efforts towards limiting the increase to 1.5C and both these limits are over the pre-industrial levels (Bates, 2015). Recognizing that the climate change is due to human actions, and acknowledging that Wesfarmers and the nation of Australia have a huge rule in mitigation of the climate change, Wesfarmers takes various initiatives towards safeguarding the climate. Wesfarmers works towards this, for limiting the global warming to the levels of 1.5C 2C higher than the pre-industrial levels. Wesfarmers believes in working together with the industry and the government for achieving these desired outcomes. For the decarbonisation to take place in an efficient manner, the long term policy needs to have a certainty. Hence, the company has pledged to continue on improving the greenhouse gas efficiency in all of its operations, which would not only reduce the business risks and costs for the company, but would also contribute towards the mitigation of the climate change (Wesfarmers, 2017c). Wesfarmers also undertook steps to encourage the government to apply for the ERF, i.e., the Emissions Reduction Fund, so that the energy efficiency could be implemented across the retail business of Wesfarmers. Wesfarmers business takes the LED lights into use when the companys new stores are being developed. The company also makes the retrofitting of more than two million new and highly efficient light fittings in the stores which are already present in the nation and the same is also being done for the distribution centers of the company, within a period of seven years. By undertaking these initiatives, Wesfarmers would successfully avoid the addition values for fifteen thousand tones of CO2e every year, i.e., carbon dioxide equivalent annually (Wesfarmers, 2016b). As has been highlighted earlier, Target is one of businesses of the nation. For the year of 2016, Target took a comprehensive due diligence program for making certain that the importation of the regulated timbre products was not done from the illegally logged sources. This was due to the Federal Government of Australias initiative with regards to adherence to the Illegal Logging Act 2012 of the Europe, along with its regulations (Wesfarmers, 2016c). The human element plays a huge role in the Wesfarmers as a conglomerate. And so, a number of international treaties and covenants in this regard, have to be followed by the company. The company has also drawn a statement as per the Modern Slavery Act 2015s Section 54, Part 6, which is an act of the United Kingdom (Wesfarmers, 2016d). References AMP Capital. (2015) AMP Capital Sustainable Share Fund. [Online] AMP Capital. Available from: https://www.ampcapital.com.au/AMPCapitalAU/media/contents/Documents/Sustainable%20Share%20Fund/1503-ssf-stock-holdings.pdf?ext=.pdf [Accessed on: 21/04/17] ASX. (2016) Wesfarmers. [Online] ASX. Available from: https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20160921/pdf/43bbqf00p6wwcy.pdf [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Bates, A.K. (2015) The Paris Agreement: The Best Chance We Have to Save the One Planet We've Got. San Bernardino, CA: BOOK Publishing Company. Blau, J. (2017) The Paris Agreement: Climate Change, Solidarity, and Human Rights. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Harrison, J. (2013) The European Union and South Korea: The Legal Framework for Strengthening Trade, Economic and Political Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. IBIS. (2016) Wesfarmers Limited - Premium Company Report Australia. [Online] IBIS. Available from: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/australian-company-research-reports/retail-trade/wesfarmers-limited-company.html [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Krber, C., Schwirzenbeck, M. and Barth, K. (2008) The Kyoto Protocol. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. Massai, L. (2011) The Kyoto Protocol in the EU: European Community and Member States under International and European Law. Prato, Italy: Springer Science Business Media. Wesfarmers. (2015) GRI G4 Content Index. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://www.sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-data/gri-g4-content-index/ [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2016a) 2016 Annual Report. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/docs/default-source/reports/2016-annual-report.pdf?sfvrsn=4 [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2016b) Stakeholder engagement. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-approach/stakeholder-engagement/ [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2016c) 2016 Sustainability Report. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/media/1835/edited-extract-of-wesfarmers-2016-sustainability-report.pdf [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2016d) Wesfarmers human rights and modern slavery statement. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-data/wesfarmers-human-rights-and-modern-slavery-statement/ [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2017a) A New Head Office Wesfarmers House. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/who-we-are/our-history/a-new-head-office-wesfarmers-house [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2017b) Our History. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/who-we-are/our-history [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2017c) Environment. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-principles/environment/climate-change-resilience/ [Accessed on: 21/04/17]